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ADHD Medication – Ritalin, Amphetamine, and Methylphenidate Ritalin is a central nerve system stimulant. Doctors often prescribe it to treat ADHD. It comes in liquid or tablet form (Ritalin and Ritalin SR), or as a tablet that dissolves quickly (Evekeo ODt) that dissolves instantly in the mouth. The most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD are stimulants. They reduce symptoms by increasing the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin) is the first-choice stimulant ADHD medication for adults and children. It works by increasing levels of dopamine in the brain which improves focus and concentration. Off-label, it's used to treat fatigue, narcolepsy caused by cancer treatment, and apathy among older adults. It is available in many forms, from short-acting tablets that can be chewed or dissolved to extended-release capsules that can be opened and sprinkled on food. It is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance because of its potential for abuse and dependence. Common side effects of methylphenidate include a dry mouth, nausea and sleeplessness. Children who take methylphenidate can lose appetite or want to eat anything. If these side effects occur then the doctor could reduce the dosage or switch to a nonstimulant medication. Drugs that stimulate the brain, such as methylphenidate, can increase the risk of substance abuse in children. However, this risk is lessened if the medication is taken according to the prescription and under the close supervision of a doctor. The FDA suggests that parents implement a plan for managing their behavior to minimize the risk of substance misuse and to help kids develop skills for managing their ADHD symptoms. Methylphenidate is contraindicated for some people with certain heart problems. It could cause heart malfunction or irregular heartbeat in people with heart conditions that are structural. It can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure in those with high blood pressure. It can also aggravate circulation issues in the feet and fingers. The FDA has approved methylphenidate in several different forms including IR and ER products. In addition, it is available as an extended-release capsule called Azstarys, which contains serdexmethylphenidate (SDX) and immediate-release d-methylphenidate (d-MPH). It is also sold as tablets that can be chewed, or dissolved in liquid. It is recommended that the medication be taken prior to meals to prevent the loss of appetite. Methylphenidate can alter moods, and some people may feel more depressed or irritable. It can also trigger manic episodes in those with bipolar disorders. In rare cases methylphenidate could cause more psychotic symptoms in those suffering from schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. Amphetamine Amphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that is used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It improves attention and reducing restlessness in those who suffer from ADHD. It can also assist people to lose weight who are overweight. It's only available on prescription from a physician. Amphetamine functions by influencing the trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and thereby inhibiting the vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2). It is affluent on the dorsal caudate nuclear, putamen, substantia nigra ventral tegmental region and the locus ceruleus. It also affects the amygdala and raphe nucleus of the brain. Amphetamines are frequently used in combination with other medications for ADHD. They can also be used to treat narcolepsy and help people lose weight. They are taken orally and are available in a variety of forms, including tablets that release immediately (Evekeo), an orally disintegrating tablet that dissolves rapidly in the mouth (Evekeo ODT), and an extended-release (long-acting) tablet known as Adzenys ER. Some people may abuse amphetamines to feel awake and have more energy. These people might be truck drivers, students, athletes or soldiers. In the past, amphetamines could be used to improve work performance or improve morale. Amphetamines can also be abused by people with eating disorders. They can have serious side effects including heart problems and sudden deaths. Amphetamine overdose is dangerous, and can lead to addiction. Amphetamine can also interact with certain medicines including antidepressants heart medications and antipsychotics. Tell your doctor if you are taking any other medications or supplements. You should also let your doctor or nurse know if you plan to do. uk adhd medication can pass through breast milk and cause harm to the baby. Patients taking this medication should be assessed for cardiac condition prior to and during treatment. Any patient who experiences chest pain, pathologic heart murmurs, or signs of syncope must undergo a full cardiac evaluation. Before starting amphetamine, patients who show signs of bipolar disorder have to undergo a psychological examination. It is important to monitor the growth of children while on treatment. Store this medicine in a secure location, preferably one that is secured. Don't sell or give it away to other people. It can cause harm to others and is also illegal. It is also important to take it regularly on the schedule your doctor gives you. This will help to avoid withdrawal symptoms that can be serious. Non-stimulant drugs Although stimulant medications are typically the first choice for treating ADHD but they aren't always the best option. In fact, nonstimulant drugs are more effective in treating certain children than stimulants. They take longer to treat, but they can improve kids' ability to focus and manage their impulses. Nonstimulant medications are less prone to side effects. They can be used in conjunction with stimulants or on their own to increase the effectiveness of the medication. Stimulants such as Ritalin and Adderall boost the communication between nerves as well as regions of the brain, which help kids concentrate and rein in their tendency to be impulsive. The effects of these medications have been studied over the years and have been proven most effective for kids with ADHD. Methylphenidate and amphetamine are the main ingredients in most stimulant medications, are known to be used by some individuals as recreational drugs. These are controlled substances due to the possibility of misuse. Doctors must obtain a prescription prior to prescribing them and their dosage as well as distribution are monitored closely to avoid misuse. Certain stimulant medications can have serious side-effects, like an increase in heart rate and high blood pressure. Certain people experience a loss in appetite, which can cause weight increase. These medications can also cause mood changes such as anxiety or anxiety. They may also cause difficulty sleeping, which can affect the ability of a person to perform at school or at work. In some cases, these side effects are so severe that doctors need to change the medication type. Nonstimulant medications are less popular than stimulants, yet they are equally effective. Atomoxetine, also known as Strattera (Strattera), and guanfacine, are FDA-approved ADHD treatments that target one particular neurotransmitter. These drugs are referred to as selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and have been proven to reduce symptoms of ADHD in more than 70 percent of children. Viloxazine (Qelbree) is another new medication that functions in a similar way to atomoxetine, but it has not yet been compared against stimulants head-to-head. Antidepressants and Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists are other types of nonstimulant medications. Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists which are typically prescribed to treat high-blood pressure, can have a calming affect that can help with impulsivity. They're not a treatment of choice for ADHD however they can be used to supplement other medication or when stimulants don't help. Tricyclic antidepressants, such as imipramine, nortriptyline, and Tofranil are often prescribed to treat ADHD. They can lower blood pressure and help calm the child. They are usually prescribed to teens or older children who can handle their adverse effects. Side effects If your child is suffering adverse effects as a result of ADHD medication, it could be due to the way the medication is released into their body, or the way it interacts with other medications or food. Typically these side effects can be controlled by altering the dosage or the formula of the medication, or by adjusting their eating and sleeping habits. In some cases they can be cured completely by utilizing another type of medication or stimulant. Methylphenidate (marketed as Ritalin) is a stimulant for the central nervous system. It affects chemical processes and nerves in the brain that cause hyperactivity. It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat children 6 years of old and over with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is also prescribed off-label for adults suffering from narcolepsy. If taken properly, methylphenidate is safe and effective. It can become addicting if used in a hurry or abruptly stopped. It is essential to stay away from other people and only use it in accordance with the instructions of your doctor. Like other central nervous system stimulants, methylphenidate can trigger an increase in dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the brain. Dopamine influences pleasure and movement, while norepinephrine mobilises the body and brain for actions. Most common adverse effects are headaches and stomachaches. These are usually minor and disappear after some weeks. This medication should be taken with food to boost absorption. Your child's physician will monitor the height growth of your child while taking the medication. They may also recommend that you have a break during summer in order to encourage healthy growth. Certain people can experience an allergic reaction to methylphenidate therefore they should inform their doctor prior to taking it in case they are allergic to anything, including to bee stings. They should also tell their doctor if they plan to undergo surgery or an MRI because these procedures could affect the way in which the medication is absorbed. Also, they should inform their doctor if they smoke, drink alcohol or consume illegal drugs.